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Preventing HIV Transmission in Persons with HIVQuestion 3/10

A 24-year-old woman with HIV and a CD4 count of 487 cells/mm3 is seen in the clinic for a routine evaluation. She takes antiretroviral therapy and consistently has undetectable HIV RNA levels. She has a new male partner who does not have HIV. During the visit, she asks about the risk of transmitting HIV to her partner, given that she has an undetectable HIV RNA level.

Based on available data, which one of the following best describes the relationship between plasma HIV RNA levels and risk of sexual transmission of HIV?

This graphic illustrates the correlation of risk of HIV transmission and serum HIV-1 levels in the person with HIV. No HIV transmissions occurred from persons with HIV who had serum HIV RNA-1 levels less than 1,500 copies/mL.
Figure 1. Adjusted Rate Ratio of Heterosexual Transmission of HIV-1 According to Serum HIV-1 RNA Level of the Partner with HIV-1
This graphic illustrates the correlation of risk of HIV transmission and serum HIV-1 levels in the person with HIV. No HIV transmissions occurred from persons with HIV who had serum HIV RNA-1 levels less than 1,500 copies/mL.
Source: Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:921-9.
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Question Last Updated
February 1st, 2025

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